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Kokia drynarioides

(Seem.) Lewton (1912)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Kokia

hau hele ‘ula [hau hele ula], koki‘o [kokio], kokia

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees up to 8 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades orbicular in outline, (5)7 lobed or 9 lobed, 8–20 cm wide with shallow, angulate or deltate divisions. Base cordate with a usually closed sinus. Surfaces glabrate except lower surface pubescent near base and at apex of petioles, sometimes with nectaries on major veins. Margins entire or nearly so. Petioles usually as Iong as or longer than blades, deciduous with prominent scars. Stipules caducous.

Flowers: Flowers solitary, clustered near the ends of the branches, axillary, pedicels 5–10 cm long, articulate near middle and sometimes with a persistent bract, terminal nectaries absent; involucral bracts 3, distinct or connate basally, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 40–70 mm long, usually sinuately 3–5 lobed, apex obtuse, accrescent and leathery in fruit. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx composed of connate sepals, cylindrical, irregularly 2–5 lobed, ca. 2.2–3 cm long, the lobes deciduous or sometimes persistent, the tube 1.5 cm long, densely yellowish pubescent, later glabrate except at base, the lobes valvate in bud. Corolla zygomorphic, corolla of 5 petals, scarlet, 9–11 cm long, curved in bud, densely yellowish silky pubescent, obovate, reflexed above at anthesis, twisted at base, adnate at base to staminal column. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column up to 11 cm long, staminal column exserted, curved; antheriferous in upper 1/3-1/2, terminated by 5 teeth; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, 5-celled; ovules 1 per cell, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; style clavate, exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex; stigma 5-lobed, sulcate, terminal or decurrent.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid; ca. 3 cm long; apex acuminate; woody; loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds obovoid; 12–15 mm long; ca. 0.8 cm wide; pubescent with hairs up to 3 mm long; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 24*

Habitat: Very rare in dry forest on lava fields; now nearly extinct in the wild but persisting in cultivation.

Elevation Range: 460–900 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 60(5): 3 (1912)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:890 (H); Staples & Herbst 2005:393 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Petals red. Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1932-07-13
2 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shea Hawaii BISH 1928-01-01
3 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 45 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
4 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 7 Hawaii BISH 1950-11-01
5 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
6 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1938-06-27
7 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4906 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-28
8 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 687 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-26
9 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
10 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Pope, W.T. Hawaii BISH 1935-04-12
11 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6044 BISH 1909-01-01
12 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. BISH 1953-02-01
13 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 45 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
14 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Hawaii BISH 1913-08-01
15 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1909-06-04
16 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. Hawaii BISH 1987-02-11
17 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Typical dryland associaiton with Diospyros and Canthium. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3537 Hawaii BISH 1987-05-01
18 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along roadside in cult. area. Preserved_Specimen Pith of twigs with resinous dots; corolla scarlet, anthers dark red. Webster, G.L. 14010 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-30
19 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3541 Hawaii BISH 1987-05-01
20 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rough lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 12 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 302 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
21 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rough lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 12 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 300 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
22 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rough lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 12 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 302 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
23 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Remnant of dry forest with Diospyros sandwicensis dominant, also Colubrina, Canthium, Nototrichium, etc. with understory of introduced Pennisetum setaceum, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m tall, 25-30 cm dbh, old leaves yellowing, bark rough, blackish. Corolla bright orange-red, capsules reddish, drying brown and splitting, 4-5 seeded. Lorence, D.H. 5500 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-06
24 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On clinker overgrown by fountain grass, Diospyros and Colubrina the canopy frequency dominants. Preserved_Specimen 4-5 m ind. Leaves clustering at the tips of scraggly branches, circular leaf scarring on axes immediately below foliated nodes. Imada, C. Hawaii BISH 1987-02-11
25 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cultivated. Seed given to Boyums in about 1973. Preserved_Specimen Tree Hobdy, R.W. 1789 Maui BISH 1983-07-23
26 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Typical dryland association of Diospyros and Canthium. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3537 Hawaii BISH 1987-05-01
27 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in Pennisetum setaceum covered `a`a lava. Six trees seen in area. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 ft tall (Apex broken off) with a 7 inch DBH. Flowers red-orange. Herbst, D.R. 5438 Hawaii BISH 1975-07-19
28 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along roadside in cult. area. Preserved_Specimen Pith of twigs with resinous dots; corolla scarlet, anthers dark red. Webster, G.L. 14010 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-30
29 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On lave fields. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3549 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-04
30 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry forest on `a`a, with Diospyros, Nototrichum, Santalum, Colubrina, Planchonella, Canthium. Preserved_Specimen Tree 18 ft high, corollas scarlet; calyx and associated bracts suffused reddished in fruit. Carlquist, S. 2080 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
31 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On dry, grassy, aa field, with Colubrina, Erythrina, Reynoldsia, Santalum. Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft high, 12 in diam. Ozaki, E.T. 1320 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
32 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry mixed native tree community with an exotic grass and native and exotic shrub u/s. Preserved_Specimen 30 cm Bd; 12m tall. Warshauer, F.R. 2139 Hawaii BISH 1978-09-03
33 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry. Associated species: Lantana. Colubrina. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft. DBH 11 in. Flower and Fruit present. Ruffin, W. 33 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-03
34 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Arid habitat. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, G. Hawaii BISH 1980-01-01
35 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rough lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 12 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 300 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
36 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open Diospyros forest. Isolated treelet in dense fountain grass, one only. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 4533 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-20
37 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry forest, part of akipuka, growing adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow; aa lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 inches diameter, 20 feet high. Stern, W.L. 3125 Hawaii BISH 1974-03-28
38 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On lave fields. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3572 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-04
39 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rough lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 12 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 302 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
40 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Typical dryland association of Diospyros and Canthium. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3537 Hawaii BISH 1987-05-01
41 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft, planted. Little Jr., E.L. 31083 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-18
42 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On aa lava flow, in dry forest. Preserved_Specimen 25 ft tree. Hosaka, E.Y. 2000 Hawaii BISH 1938-04-19
43 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry, grassy, aa field with Colubrina, Erythrina, Reynoldsia and Santalum. Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft tall, dbh 12 in. Ozaki, E.T. 1320 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
44 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Arid `a`a flow with open canopy of Diospyros and Colubrina. Preserved_Specimen Height est. 4-5 m. Imada, C. 3654 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-01
45 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 4-5m ind. on `a`a lava clinker overgrown by fountain grass; Diospyros and Colubrina. The canopy frequency dominants. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. Hawaii BISH 1987-02-11
46 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On clinker overgrown by fountain grass, Diospyros and Colubrina the canopy frequency dominants. Preserved_Specimen 4-5 m ind. Imada, C. Hawaii BISH 1987-02-11
47 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occurrence small planted trees in edges of patch of tall Metrosideros trees. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall. Fosberg, F.R. 53674 Hawaii BISH 1971-04-12
48 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched tree +- 25' x 7 dbh with scarlet flowers; seed 1 x 1.5 cm with brown linters, pod dehisces 5 parts, 1 seed per part. Herbst, D.R. 1188 Hawaii BISH 1968-07-01
49 Kokia drynarioides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1944-08-06
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